In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well combined.
In a separate bowl, mix the buttermilk, egg, melted butter, and vanilla extract until smooth.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and stir gently until just combined. Be careful not to overmix; a few lumps are okay.
Fold in the fresh blueberries.
Heat a non-stick skillet or griddle over medium heat and lightly grease it with butter or oil.
Pour about 1/4 cup of batter onto the skillet for each pancake. Cook until bubbles form on the surface, about 2-3 minutes.
Flip the pancakes and cook for an additional 2-3 minutes, or until golden brown.
Remove from the skillet and keep warm while you repeat with the remaining batter.